Teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva / Subjective theories about waiting time and experiences from adoptive parenting

Resumen El proceso de adopción comprende cambios importantes en las familias adoptivas, pues implica una reestructuración y adaptación a una nueva organización del sistema familiar. Durante este proceso los padres elaboran expectativas y creencias respecto a cómo comportarse frente a los cambios y adaptarse a sus hijos, desde donde dirigen sus prácticas de crianza. La percepción del tiempo que tenga cada persona posee un papel en cómo se desarrolla la identidad tanto individual como familiar, pues las experiencias pasadas, vivencias actuales y expectativas del futuro influyen en sus acciones. Por lo tanto, es posible decir que los padres adoptivos elaboran teorías subjetivas sobre este proceso y especialmente en relación con el tiempo de espera de la adopción, explicaciones que podrían incidir en la forma en que enfrentan este nuevo desafío y se preparan para la parentalidad. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender las teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y las experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva. Participaron diez madres y padres adoptivos mediante entrevistas episódicas individuales. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos utilizando técnicas de tres procedimientos de análisis: de contenido basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, específico para las teorías subjetivas y de la perspectiva temporal. De los hallazgos se destacan teorías subjetivas de contenido emocional ansioso durante el proceso de adopción. Además, contar con una red de apoyo, compartir experiencias con otros padres y el uso de estrategias personales son las principales estrategias de adaptación de los padres adoptivos que les permiten sobrellevar los sentimientos negativos durante el proceso.

Abstract The adoption process includes important changes in adoptive families, since it implies a restructuring and adaptation to a new organization of the family system. The path to parenthood entails changes at levels of mental, physical and social health, which in the case of adoptive parents, the challenges are greater or are altered in some way due to the unique characteristics of their experiences and the obstacles they face. To these challenges are added the usual stressors that parents face, such as changes in roles, increased stress, lack of sleep, alterations in the relationship and intimacy of the couple and difficulties that arise in raising their children. On the other hand, time is configured as a concrete dimension through which life develop. The relationship between objective time and subjective or psychological time will shape the perception of time that each person has, which has a role in how both individual and family identity develops. This is because people´s actions are influenced by past experiences, current experiences and future expectations. One of the areas of the adoption process that has not yet been deepened is the waiting time, the period of time between obtaining the suitability and assignment of the minor to the adoptive family, which can be considered important for the future family depending on how adoptive parents face it, this because the way in which the adoption process is experienced impacts both the path to parenthood and post-adoption adaptation. In fact, it confirms that waiting time influences the psychological well-being of adoptive parents. Therefore, it is possible to say that adoptive parents elaborate subjective theories about this process and especially in relation to the waiting time for adoption, explanations that could influence the way in which they face this new challenge and prepare for parenthood. The present study aimed to understand subjective theories about the waiting time and experiences of adoptive parenting. Ten adoptive mothers and fathers participated in this study through individual episodic interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using techniques of three analysis procedures: content based on Grounded Theory, specific for subjective theories and time perspective.

Queuing Dynamics and Beneficiary Satisfaction in The OPD Of a Tertiary Care Centre in Bankura, West Bengal

Context/Background: Queuing, a major problem faced by beneficiaries availing services in public health care system, may also have influence on the level of satisfaction among beneficiaries. Aims/Objectives: To describe the queuing dynamics in the OPD, to explore different factors influencing the level of satisfaction among the beneficiaries and their perception regarding possible ways to improve the queuing situation. Methodology: A hospital-based analytical study was conducted in an OPD of Bankura Sammilani Medi-cal College and Hospital, West Bengal, among 202 beneficiaries. Data were collected from subjects, se-lected from random queue in total 30 shifts (30 minutes each) on different working days, using prede-signed, pretested, questionnaire.Results: Queuing dynamics revealed utilization factor of 75%, while 25% probability of the system be-ing idle. Only 39.1% of the subjects were satisfied with the service in Paediatric OPD, in context of wait-ing in queue. MLR revealed subjects waiting in queue for a duration ≤ 1 hour and those with > 4 minutes consultation time were found to be more satisfied. Conclusions: Considering variable consultation time, arrival and service rates at the OPDs and re-sources, a well-planned system can minimize the waiting time and thus improve the level of satisfaction among the beneficiaries.

Tiempos de espera de pacientes programados en un servicio de ecografía de consulta externa / Scheduled patient waiting times in an outpatient ultrasound service

INTRODUCCIÓN: la seguridad social se encarga de la atención médica de los trabajadores asalariados. OBJETIVOS: determinar los tiempos de espera en las programaciones de ecografía y conocer el nivel de satisfacción de pacientes asegurados en el Policonsultorio 20 de octubre de la Caja Petrolera de Salud. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y cuantitativo. Se seleccionaron 1110 solicitudes de las gestiones 2012 ­ 2014 y 1110 pacientes que tenían su solicitud de ecografía en programación actual. Se revisó los expedientes clínicos y archivos de ecografía y se realizó cuestionarios estandarizados con escala Likert a los pacientes para medir el nivel de satisfacción. RESULTADOS: el 26% de los pacientes esperaron de 4.1 a 5.1 semanas (29-35 días), existieron 2.2 solicitudes de ecografía por cada paciente, el 93% de los pacientes no está nada o poco satisfecho con los periodos de espera y el 58% considera aceptable esperar entre 1.1 a 2.0 semanas (2-14 días) para la realización del estudio. DISCUSIÓN: se deben realizar acciones que mejoren la calidad de atención y satisfacción del paciente, una de ellas es disminuir los periodos de espera en las programaciones de ecografía.

INTRODUCTION: social security provides medical care for salaried workers. OBJECTIVES: to determine waiting times for scheduled ultrasound appointments and the level of satisfaction of insured patients at Policonsultorio 20 octubre, Caja Petrolera the Salud. METHODS: this is a descriptive, cross sectional, quantitative study. One thousand one hundred and ten ultrasounds orders from the 2012 ­ 2014 administration and 1110 patients who had ultrasounds orders currently scheduled were selected for review. Clinical records and ultrasounds files were reviewed and patients answers using a standardized questionnaire using the Likert scale were used to measure their level of satisfaction. RESULTS: twenty-six percent of the patients waited 4.1 to 5.1 weeks (29-35 days), there were 2.2 ultrasounds orders per patient, 93% of the patients are somewhat or completely dissatisfied with the waiting times, and 58% consider it acceptable to wait from 1.1 to 2.0 weeks (2-14 days) to undergo the study. DISCUSSION: Actions are needed to improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction, one of which is to shorten waiting times for scheduled ultrasound.

Effect of waiting time before colonoscopy on bowel preparation quality in hospitalized elderly patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of bowel preparation quality in hospitalized elderly patients, and to find the appropriate waiting time from the end of bowel preparation to the beginning of colonoscopy.Methods:Baseline and clinical data of elderly patients over 60 years old who underwent colonoscopy in the Tenth People′s Hospital, Tongji University from February 2021 to August 2021 were collected. Multivariate analysis was used to screen the factors that might affect the quality of bowel preparation in hospitalized elderly patients. Patients were grouped according to waiting time before colonoscopy. After eliminating confounding factors using propensity matching analysis, the difference of bowel preparation quality among groups was compared.Results:251 patients were included in the study. Multivariate analysis revealed that, hypertension ( OR=3.530, 95% CI 1.295-9.618), chronic constipation ( OR=3.302,95% CI 1.132-9.632), dietary compliance ( OR=0.161, 95% CI 0.070-0.371), medication and drinking water compliance ( OR=0.167, 95% CI 0.070-0.397), exercise compliance after medication ( OR=2.245, 95% CI 1.040-4.845), The frequency of defecation after medication ( OR=0.446, 95% CI 0.308-0.647) and waiting time ( OR=0.537, 95% CI 0.387-0.745) were important factors affecting the quality of bowel preparation in hospitalized elderly patients ( P<0.05). There were differences in bowel preparation quality between groups of waiting times. The overall quality of bowel preparation in 120-180 min group was significantly better than that in 241-300 min group, 301-360 min group and>360 min group ( P<0.05). The overall quality of bowel preparation in 181-240 min group was better than that in >360 min group ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences among other groups( P>0.05). The scores of cecum and ascending colon were the best in 120-180 min group, and the cleanliness of descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum was significantly higher in 241-300 min group, 301-360 min group and > 360 min group. The scores of descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum showed that the intestinal preparation quality of 181-240 min group was better than that of 301-360 min group and > 360 min group. Conclusions:The best examination time for elderly patients is about 180 minutes after bowelpreparation. Medical workers should flexibly guide the medication time to ensure that patients are in the best clean state of intestinal tract during examination.

The current situation of teleophthalmology on national telemedicine center from 2015 to 2021 / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To observe the demographic data, disease composition and convenience of remote consultation in ophthalmology.Methods:A retrospective study. From 2015 to 2021, the demographic data, changing trends, disease classification of teleconsultation patients, and hospitals participating in teleconsultation, and the waiting time of patients for teleconsultation was analyzed retrospectively; remote consultation physician level composition and other data was analyzed.Results:During the 7-year period, 1 216 patients with remote consultation were obtained through the platform of the telemedicine center. Among them, there were 680 males and 536 females; the average age was 50.8 years. In 2016 and 2017, the number of patients participating in telemedicine consultations reached a peak of 260 and 221 cases, respectively. Among the ophthalmic diseases, there were 490 cases (40.30%, 490/1 216) of retinal and optic nerve-related diseases, 212 cases (17.43%, 212/1 216) of ocular trauma. 678 cases (56.27%, 678/1 205) of remote consultation waiting time were less than 24 hours, 991 cases (82.24%, 991/1 205) were less than 48 hours. Among the physicians who participated in the remote consultation, there were 733 chief physicians (60.3%, 733/1 216) and 466 deputy chief physicians (38.3%, 466/1 216).Conclusions:During the seven-year period from 2015 to 2021, there are relatively few patients with ophthalmology teleconsultation; retinal and optic nerve-related diseases accounted for a high proportion. Remote consultation has high convenience.

Quality of referrals to a rheumatology service before and after implementation of a triage system with telemedicine support

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the quality of referrals for a first Rheumatology consultation at a tertiary care center in a southern Brazilian capital (Porto Alegre, RS), having as background findings from a similar survey performed in 2007/2008. Since then, our state has implemented referral protocols and a triage system with teleconsulting support exclusively for referrals from locations outside the capital, permitting a comparison between patients screened and not screened by the new system. Methods: Physicians of the Rheumatology Service at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição prospectively collected information regarding first visits over a 6-month period (Oct 2017 to March 2018). We recorded demographic characteristics, diagnostic hypotheses, date of referral, and the municipality of origin (within the state of Rio Grande do Sul). We considered adequate referrals from primary health care when a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease (SIRD) was suspected at first evaluation by the attending rheumatologist. Results: Three hundred fifty-seven patients/appointments were eligible for analysis (193 from the capital and 164 from small and medium towns). In 2007/2008, suspected SIRD occurred in 76/260 (29.2%) and 73/222 (32.9%) among patients from the capital and outside counties, respectively (P = 0.387). In 2017/2018, suspected SIRD occurred in 75/193 (38.9%) and 111/164 (67.7%) in patients from the capital and outside counties, respectively (difference: 28.8, 95% CI: 19.0 to 38.9, P < 0.001), indicating a marked improvement in referrals submitted to the new triage system. Conclusion: The quality of Rheumatology referrals in our state improved over the 10-year interval under study, particularly among patients from locations submitted to referral protocols and teleconsulting support.

Practical exploration of one-stop admission service in a general hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

The authors introduced the construction of one-stop admission service in a large general hospital.Measures were carried out by implementing the measures of one window handling of admission business, building one-stop pre-hospital preparation center, optimizing the operational pattern of pre-hospital examination, strictly controlling the hospitalization time of surgical patients, optimizing the information system according to admission criteria, providing personalized services for clinic and implementing quality monitoring.It effectively improved the pre-hospital examination rate, shortened the waiting time and the average length of stay of the patients undergoing elective surgery, and increased the satisfaction of pre-hospital patients.

Effect analysis of the medical treatment for first-visit patients based on Internet technology in a cancer hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of the consultation system for first-visit patients at the breast center during COVID-19 epidemic, and to provide reference for other departments and medical institutions.Methods:4 647 patients who used the consultation system from May 12, 2020 to December 31, 2020 and 4 622 patients who came to the hospital for treatment in the same period of 2019 before the application of the system were used as the research objects. Chi-square test and independent sample t-test were used to compare the patients′ age, source, proportion of patients who actually need treatment, and the waiting time from appointment to treatment. The medical cost saved after the application of the system was calculated. Results:After the application of consultation system, the proportion of elderly patients in first-visit patients increased from 15.9% to 17.9%, the proportion of patients who were not from Beijing increased from 70.2% to 74.3%, the proportion of patients who really need treatment increased from 41.4% to 71.5%, and the waiting time from appointment to treatment decreased from 5.0±4.8 days to 3.9±2.3 days, with significant differences( P<0.05). After the application of the system, a total of 6.177 million yuan was saved for patients, with an average of 3 895 yuan for each patient. Conclusions:The application of the first-visit consultation system is conducive to deepening the content of pre-diagnosis services, improving the accessability to high-quality medical resources, promoting the effective utilization rate of medical resources, shortening the waiting days, and saving medical costs.

Practice on fine management to shorten outpatient waiting time / 中华医院管理杂志

To solve the problems of long waiting time for outpatients, difficulty on implementation of one patient one room initiative, backward appointment method on examination, and imperfect instruction and guidance, a series of fine management measures have been taken place in a tertiary hospital which included dividing the patient waiting queue reasonably, establishing the patient secondary consultation system, improving the outpatient order of two-way management between doctors and patients, establishing one key appointment system for examinations, building hospital intelligent navigation system, and implementing outpatient payment and self-service drug delivery.The results showed, the waiting time of outpatients was significantly shortened ( P<0.001), and the satisfaction of patients in waiting time, hospital guidance and appointment registration was significantly improved ( P<0.05). Fine management mode combining online and offline can effectively increase the efficiency of outpatient service, improve clinical experience, and facilitate the high-quality development of medical services.

Effect of painting intervention based on Mandala-self theory on mood and physiological state in patients in preoperative waiting room / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The waiting room for surgery is an area set up to improve the surgical turnover rate, but the waiting time for surgery is uncertain. Patients are prone to negative emotions that affect their physiological state during waiting time. This study aims to explore the effect of Mandala painting intervention based on Mandala-self theory on the emotion and physiological state of patients waiting before operation.@*METHODS@#The patients in the control group (@*RESULTS@#Diastolic pressure, heart rate, and happiness and excitement showed no statistical significance in the time effect, intervention effect, and interaction between the 2 factors (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#The application of Mandala painting in the operation waiting room is feasible and can effectively regulate the patients' negative mood and systolic pressure, as well as shorten the waiting time of perception.

Service time, waiting time, good practices and areas for improvement in the UP Health Service during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: A five-day cross-sectional study

Background@#The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the critical task of the UP Health Service in recognizing and addressing the primary care needs of health care workers and support staff of the Philippine General Hospital. This helps in effective staff management and engendering trust in the hospital that performs critical functions in the pandemic response.@*Objectives@#To determine the service and waiting time in the facilities of the UPHS and describe good practices and areas for improvement for better service delivery at the UPHS during the COVID-19 pandemic@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study using patient flow analysis of processes in the non-COVID, COVID, and swabbing areas of the UPHS was conducted from June 1 to 5, 2020. All clinic visits by PGH employees and health care workers, including consultations and procedure for swabbing, were included in the study. Average service and waiting time in three areas of the UPHS were measured and analyzed from recorded time points using Microsoft Excel. Daily observations recorded on field notes were transcribed and analyzed using MaxQDA Analytics Pro 2020.@*Results@#A total of 604 PGH employee visits in the three main service areas of the UPHS were recorded during the 5-day study period. The average total service time was 25 (SD±17) minutes in the non-COVID clinic and 12 (SD±5) minutes in the COVID clinic. The mean swabbing time was 2 (SD±3) minutes. The average waiting time was longest in the COVID clinic at 46 (SD±39) minutes, followed by the swabbing area at 33 (SD± 32) minutes, and was shortest in the non-COVID clinic at 10 (SD±17) minutes. Good practices were observed in the areas of communication and coordination among the UPHS team, staff complementation, and application of telehealth solutions. Meanwhile, improvements may be made in identifying a practical and robust queuing system, enforcing firmer infection prevention and control measures and providing clearer patient instructions and cues especially during patient surge.@*Conclusion@#The average service time in the non-COVID, COVID and swabbing areas of the UPHS, were 25, 12 and 2 minutes, respectively. The average waiting time was longest in the COVID clinic, followed by the swabbing and non-COVID areas. Good practices were observed in terms of leadership, communication, staff complementation and feedback process while infection control and prevention measures, queuing system for crowd control and patient instructions can be further improved.

Satisfacción del usuario externo en tiempo de espera en el servicio de emergencia del hospital general IESS de milagro ­ ecuador / The external user satisfaction in waiting time in the hospital general IESS emergency service Milagro - Ecuador

En la actualidad, los ser-vicios de emergencias en los pacientes tienden a tener inconvenientes al acceso a la atención médica en distintas áreas del hospital, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de satisfacción del usuario ex-terno en tiempo de espera en la atención del servicio de emergencias del Hospital General IESS Milagro. Método: El diseño de investigación fue cuantitativo, descriptivo de cohorte transversal. La población fueron todos los pacientes que acudieron a emergencia en el periodo septiembre 2019, tomando una muestra de 170 pacientes. Como técnica se seleccionó la encuesta y como instrumento se elaboró un cuestionario con 15 preguntas valida-do por juicios de expertos en salud comprobando validez, pertinencia y coherencia. Resultados: Rango de edad mayor entre 40 a 49 años (38,8%), sexo masculino (70%), día en la semana que asisten frecuentemente; lunes (33,5%), Evaluación al personal médico; Bueno (47,6%), Compresión de la explicación que brindó el médico; Si (84,7%), Realización de examen físico; Si (72,4%), Compresión de la explicación que brindó el personal de enfermería; Si (87,1%), Evaluación al personal de enfermería; Bueno (55,5%), Evaluación al personal administrativo; Bueno (60,6%), Trato con amabilidad y paciencia; Si (88,2%), Brazalete asigna-do; Azul (64,7%), Tiempo de espera; 30 a 60 min (25,3%), Explicación de ruta a seguir; Siempre (82,4%), Señalética de orientación; A veces (37,6%), Personal para orientar en los servicios de emergencia; Nunca (62,4%). Conclusión. Se encontró altos niveles de insatisfacción en señaléticas y orientación en servicios de emergencia. Sin embargo, el tiempo de espera de los usuarios atendidos fue considerable(AU)

Currently, emergency ser-vices for patients tend to have difficulties in accessing medical care in different areas of the hospital, becoming a public health problem. Objective. To determine the external user satisfaction level in wai-ting time, in the General Hospital IESS Milagro emergency service attention. Me-thod. The research design was quantita-tive, descriptive of the cross-sectional co-hort. The population was all the patients who went to the emergency in the period September 2019, taking a sample of 170 patients. As a technique, the survey was selected and as an instrument, a question-naire with 15 questions was prepared, va-lidated by the opinions of health experts, checking validity, relevance and coheren-ce. Results. Older age range between 40 to 49 years (38.8%), male sex (70%), day in the week that they attend frequently; Monday (33.5%), Evaluation to medical personnel; Good (47.6%). Compression of the explanation provided by the doctor; Yes (84.7%), Performing physical exa-mination; Yes (72.4%), Compression of the explanation provided by the nursing staff; Yes (87.1%), Evaluation of nursing staff; Good (55.5%), Evaluation to admi-nistrative staff; Good (60.6%), I treat with kindness and patience; Yes (88.2%), as-signed bracelet; Blue (64.7%), Waiting time; 30 to 60 min (25.3%), Explanation of the route to follow; Always (82.4%), Orientation signage; Sometimes (37.6%), Personnel to guide emergency services; Never (62.4%). Conclusion. High levels of dissatisfaction were found in signs and orientation in emergency services. Howe-ver, the waiting time of the users served was considerable(AU)

Complicaciones biliares en pacientes con diagnóstico previo de litiasis vesicular sintomática: Comparación entre un hospital público y otro privado del Gran Buenos Aires / Biliary complications in patients with previous diagnosis of symptomatic gallstones: Comparison between a public and a private hospital in Greater Buenos Aires

Antecedentes: la demora en el tratamiento de la litiasis vesicular sintomática (LVS) aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones biliares. Se plantea la hipótesis de que existen diferencias en el tratamiento de la LVS entre el sector público y el de obras sociales del Gran Buenos Aires (GBA). Objetivo: comparar la proporción de pacientes con litiasis biliar complicada (LBC) que presentaban diagnóstico previo de LVS, y evaluar la historia previa de la LBC según la presencia de síntomas y la relación con el sistema de salud. Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal comparativo entre un hospital público (HPu) y otro privado (HPr) del GBA. Se analizó la historia clínica y se realizó una encuesta a pacientes colecistectomizados por LBC (colecistitis aguda, pancreatitis aguda y coledocolitiasis). Resultados: se incluyeron 105 pacientes del HPu y 136 del HPr. Las características basales difirieron en la edad, nivel educativo, distancia domicilio-hospital y ASA. El diagnóstico previo de LVS fue más frecuente en el HPu (60% vs. 39,7%; p = 0,02), diferencia que se mantuvo luego del ajuste multivariable (OR 2,14; IC 95%: 1,1 a 4,1; p = 0,02). Los pacientes del HPu mostraron una mayor frecuencia de dolores abdominales, tiempo desde el diagnóstico, número de consultas de urgencia luego del diagnóstico y mayor tiempo en lista de espera. Conclusiones: ell HPu mostró mayor pérdida de oportunidad quirúrgica de la litiasis vesicular en un estadio previo no complicado. Las causas podrían ser multifactoriales, pero se necesitan más estudios para corroborar esta hipótesis.

Background: Delays in the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis (SCL) increases the risk of biliary complications. There may be differences in the treatment of SCL between the public sector and the social security in the Greater Buenos Aires (GBA). Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of patients with complicated gallstone disease (CGD) with previous diagnosis of SCL and to evaluate the history of CGD according to the presence of symptoms and its relation with the health care system. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comparing a public hospital (PH) versus a private center (PrH) in the GBA. The clinical records were analyzed and patients with a history of cholecystectomy due to CGD (acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis and acute choledocholithiasis) were surveyed. Results: A total of 105 PH patients and 136 PrH patients were included. The baseline characteristics differed in terms of age, educational level, distance from home to hospital and ASA physical status classification. The previous diagnosis of SCL was more common in the PH (60% vs. 39.7%; p = 0.02) and this difference persisted after multivariate adjustment (OR 2.14; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1; p = 0.02). The PH presented more patients with abdominal pain and more visits to the emergency department (ED) after the diagnosis; time after the diagnosis was greater and these patients spent more time on the waiting list. Conclusions: The PH showed greater loss of surgical opportunity of uncomplicated cholelithiasis. This may be due to multiple factors, but further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Survey on consultation length and waiting time of community general practice clinics / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To survey the consultation length and waiting time of general practice clinics in community health service centers(CHSC).Methods Three CHSCs were selected from urban areas,urban-rural junction and rural areas Beijing Chaoyang District.The length of consultation,waiting time and the satisfaction of patients were surveyed by self-designed questionnaires among 373 patients visiting these three CHSCs between July to August 2018.Results In 364 patients who completed the questionnaire 69.0％(251/364) had a consultation length between 5 to 10 min,and the proportion of consultation length＜ 5 min was the highest (27.9％) in urban-rural junction.The waiting time was＜5 min in 43.7％ patients (159/364),only 9.3％ of patients waited for＞30 min.The proportion of patients with waiting＜5 min was the lowest (20.7％) in urban area.The distribution of consultion length was different among groups of the reason of consultion,frequently seen doctor and the familarity with the doctor(P＜0.05).Most patients were satisfied with the length of consultation (85.4％) and waiting time (74.5％).The satisfaction of patients in urban areas with the consultation length (75.2％) and waiting time (49.6％) was lower than that in urban-rural junction and rural areas.Conclusion The consultation length in general practice clinics of CHSC is relatively short,but patients are basically satisfied with the current status of consultation length and waiting time.However,consultation length and wating time should be regularly monitared,to promote the quality of care in general practice clinics.

Analysis of perioperative blood loss by fast track protocol in cephalomedullary nailing for geriatric intertrochanteric fractures / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of fast track protocol of geriatric intertrochanteric fracture on operative waiting time, operation time, perioperative blood loss, providing data support for clinical therapy. Methods: The clinical data of 240 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture admitted between January 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into traditional protocol group (148 cases, group A) and fast track group (92 cases, group B). All patients were treated with closed reduction intramedullary nail (proximal femoral nail antirotation) surgery. There was no significant difference in gender, age, sides, fracture classification, fracture type, complications, the proportion of patients with more than 3 kinds of medical diseases, and the time from injury to admission between the two groups ( P>0.05). Analysis index included operative waiting time (hospitalization to operation time), operation time, percentage of operation performing in 48 and 72 hours, percentage of transfusion, changes of hematocrit (Hct) at different stage (admission, operation day, and postoperative 1, 3 days), blood loss by fracture and cephalomedullary nail, intraoperative dominant blood loss, total blood loss in perioperative period were recorded and compared. Results: The operative waiting time, operation time, Hct on operation day and postoperative 3 days, blood loss by fracture, transfusion volume, and total blood loss in perioperative period in group B were significantly less than those in group A ( P0.05). Conclusion: Fast track can shorten the operative waiting time of geriatric intertrochanteric fracture, reduce the blood loss by fracture, total blood loss in perioperative period, and transfusion volume. Early operation is conducive to improve the anemia status of patients during perioperative period.

Effect of age on waiting time of emergency patients: a retrospective analysis of 219299 patients in consecutive 2 years / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To evaluate whether patients aged over 70 years old is an independent predictor for prolonging the waiting time, and to know whether the population can be prioritized in the emergency grading system.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. All the clinical data of adult visitors to the emergency department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1st in 2016 to December 31st in 2017 were collected. All the patients received four emergency first aid triages and treated according to the emergency classification results. The relevant data of selected patients were retrieved from the hospital information system (HIS) including gender, age, triage level, triage department, outpatient service and initial diagnosis time. According to the conclusion of pre-phase analysis that the patients over 65 years old was not associated with waiting time, all subjects were divided into ≥ 70 years old group and < 70 years old group for further analysis. The waiting time was defined as the difference in registration time and the initial diagnosis time, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether it exceeded the target waiting time (TWT). TWT was considered as follows according to each emergency triage level: level Ⅰ instantly, level Ⅱ10 minutes, level Ⅲ 30 minutes, level Ⅳ 60 minutes (subacute patients) or 2-4 hours (non-urgent patients). The multivariable Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the factor that aged over 70 years old was an independent predictor for prolonging waiting time over TWT.Results There were 272989 adult visits recorded totally, of which obstetrics and gynecology department visits, incomplete personnel information, invalid diagnosis (or no diagnosis), triage levelⅠ, abnormal waiting time (the waiting time exceeded 99％ of the average waiting time of all samples) records were excluded. Finally, 219299 emergency patients were enrolled, with 102218 male and 117081 female, which showed an average age of (35.86±15.81) years, 208082 patients (94.9％) in < 70 years old group, and 11217 (5.1％) in ≥ 70 years old group. Totally 191588 patients (87.4％) were diagnosed within the TWT, and the number was 86.5％ (9701/11217) in the ≥ 70 years old group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that age under 70 years old was independently associated with an exceeded TWT [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.106, 95％ confidence interval (95％CI) = 1.041-1.176,P = 0.001]. Meanwhile, visits during the peak period or low triage level was also a risk factor of exceeded TWT. According to the Logistic regression analysis of different departments and removing other factors, in the emergency internal medicine with the most elderly patients, the probability of exceeded TWT in ≥ 70 years old group was lessened (adjustedOR = 1.203, 95％CI = 1.121-1.291,P < 0.001).Conclusion In the emergency pre-grading system, the elderly aged (≥ 70 years old) was more likely to see a doctor in TWT than those under 70 years old, so they were easy to get priority treatment.

Evidence-based healthcare improvement supported by health information system / 中华医院管理杂志

Fujian Provincial Hospital targeted patient waiting time as the breakthrough for healthcare improvement. By means of coordinated,integrated and efficient hospital information system,the principle of evidence-based decision making, and a multi-disciplinary intervention team fully authorized by the hospital decision makers,the hospital successfully improved health care services,reduced patient waiting time, and raised patient satisfaction through PDCA circles.

An assessment of patient waiting and consultation time in a primary healthcare clinic

Waiting is a common phenomenon in the doctor’s waiting room. The purpose of this audit is to assess patient waiting time and doctor consultation time in a primary healthcare clinic and to formulate strategies for improvement. This audit was conducted at a primary care clinic for 4 weeks using the universal sampling method. All patients who attended the clinic during this period was included in the study except for those who required more time to be seen such as those who were critically ill, aggressive or those who came for repeat medication or procedures only without needing to see the doctor. The time of arrival was captured using the queue management system (QMS) and then the patient was given a timing chit which had to be manually filled by the staff at every station. The waiting time for registration, pre-consultation, consultation, appointment, payment and pharmacy were recorded as well as consultation time. The data were entered into the statistical software SPSS version 17 for analysis. version 17. Results showed that more than half of the patients were registered within 15 minutes (53%) and the average total waiting time from registration to seeing a doctor was 41 minutes. Ninety-nine percentage of patients waited less than 30 minutes to get their medication. The average consultation time was 18.21 minutes. The problems identified in this audit were addressed and strategies formulated to improve the waiting and consultation time were carried out including increasing the number of staff at the registration counter, enforcing the staggered appointment system for follow-up patients and improving the queuing system for walk-in patients.

Application of Queueing Theory to the Analysis of Changes in Outpatients' Waiting Times in Hospitals Introducing EMR / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: This research used queueing theory to analyze changes in outpatients' waiting times before and after the introduction of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. METHODS: We focused on the exact drawing of two fundamental parameters for queueing analysis, arrival rate (λ) and service rate (µ), from digital data to apply queueing theory to the analysis of outpatients' waiting times. We used outpatients' reception times and consultation finish times to calculate the arrival and service rates, respectively. RESULTS: Using queueing theory, we could calculate waiting time excluding distorted values from the digital data and distortion factors, such as arrival before the hospital open time, which occurs frequently in the initial stage of a queueing system. We analyzed changes in outpatients' waiting times before and after the introduction of EMR using the methodology proposed in this paper, and found that the outpatients' waiting time decreases after the introduction of EMR. More specifically, the outpatients' waiting times in the target public hospitals have decreased by rates in the range between 44% and 78%. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to analyze waiting times while minimizing input errors and limitations influencing consultation procedures if we use digital data and apply the queueing theory. Our results verify that the introduction of EMR contributes to the improvement of patient services by decreasing outpatients' waiting time, or by increasing efficiency. It is also expected that our methodology or its expansion could contribute to the improvement of hospital service by assisting the identification and resolution of bottlenecks in the outpatient consultation process.

Desigualdades sociales en los tiempos de espera para la consulta médica en Argentina / Social Inequalities in Waiting Times for Medical Consultation in Argentina / Desigualdades em tempos de espera para consulta médica na Argentina

Contexto: los tiempos de espera para la atención son una de las principales barreras en el acceso a los servicios de salud en Argentina. Objetivo: analizar los tiempos diferenciales que la población tuvo que aguardar en la sala de espera y entre la solicitud de un turno y la atención con un médico especialista, según sus características socioeconómicas, demográficas, el tipo de cobertura de salud y el lugar de residencia. Método: cuantitativo, basado en el análisis de datos secundarios. Se utilizó la Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina del año 2013, realizada por el Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina de la Universidad Católica Argentina. Resultados: los tiempos de espera para consultar con un médico estuvieron estratificados socialmente, según las características socioeconómicas, tipo de cobertura y lugar de residencia de la población. No existieron diferencias significativas según el sexo y entre los grupos etarios.

Contexto: os tempos de espera para os cuidados são um dos principais obstáculos no acesso aos serviços de saúde na Argentina. Objetivo: analisar os tempos diferenciais que as pessoas tiveram que esperar na sala de espera e entre o pedido para um compromisso e cuidado com um médico especialista, de acordo com suas características demográficas, socioeconómicas, tipo de cobertura de saúde e residência. Método: quantitativo, com base na análise de dados secundários. Foi utilizada a pesquisa "Encuesta de la Deuda Social Argentina" 2013, realizada pelo "Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina (Universidad Católica Argentina)". Resultado: os tempos de espera para ver um médico estiveram socialmente estratificados de acordo com as características socioeconómicas, tipo de cobertura e residência da população. Não houve diferenças significativas por sexo e grupos etários.

Context: The waiting times for medical attention constitutes one of the main barriers to access to the Healthcare System in Argentina. Objective: Analyse different times that people have to keep in the waiting room and between the request for an appointment and the medical attention with a specialist according to their socio-economic and demographic characteristics, the type of health coverage and place of residence. Method: quantitative, based on the analysis of secondary data. It was implemented in the Survey of "La Deuda Social Argentina" of the year 2013, conducted by the "Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina (Universidad Católica Argenitna)". Results: The waiting time to see a doctor it's socially stratified according to socioeconomic characteristics, type of medical coverage and place of residence of the population. There are no significant differences between gender and across age groups.